Amastan

Tafriqt … anwa ur nessin ara Tafriqt ? Tafriqt d yiwen seg yimenz’awen umi mechur’ yisem deg umad’al. Meâna, medden ur tt-ssinen ara dima s wayen yelhan. At’as n medden deg umad’al ur ssinen ara ghef Tefriqt lh’adja tameqrant, ttxayalen-tt d akal anda ay yeqwa ccwal akk d yimenghi, d akal kan anda ay ttmettaten yigerdan si laz’ yernu qwan deg-s wadd’anen, d akal n lqella n cci anda medden akk d igellilen. Maca Tafriqt maci ala d anect-a. Tafriqt ttettcur’ d igduden, d agaraw, d lebh’er’ n yegduden negh n ledjnas, yal yiwen s tutlayt-is, s yedles d umezruy-yines. Ar ass-a werâad ssinen yimassanen akk tutlayin ay ttmeslayen di Tefriqt, negh werâad ay tent-ghrin merr’a akken ilaq lh’al. Ar ass-a, werâad ur ssinen ara yimassanen leâwayed d yidelsan n yegduden merr’a ay izedghen Tafriqt, werâad ur d-lqid’en ara seg-sen akk ayen imeânen, tamussni-nsen d wayen yeffren deg yidelsan-nsen. Ass-a, mi akka ara tkeccem tetrara gher yal amkan, gher yal tah’nact di ddunit, at’as seg yegduden n Tefriqt ara yesr’uh’uyen leâwayed d yidelsan-nsen, yernu yessefk ghef yimassanen ad rren ddhen-nsen gher waya uqbel ma ifat lh’al. Tafriqt tefka-d at’as i ddunit, ama s tmussni-yines, ama s wayen ay tesâa d cci, ama d akal, ama d imdanen. Ass-a, ur yessefk ara ad qqnen medden allen-nsen ghef waya. Xas ma yella lbat’el-nni yettwaxedmen deg Yefriqiyen, di tallit n tehrest (listiâmar’) iâedda, yekfa, medden yessefk ad walin Tafriqt ad as-rren tajmilt i Tefriqt u ad tt-walin s wallen nnid’en, yessefk ad gren tamawt i wayen d-tefka i ddunit, i ddur’ ay telâeb deg umezruy n umad’al u ad gren tamawt digh i wayen ara d-tettak Tefriqt ass-a akk d yigerwaj ay d-mazal ffren deg-s.

Adeg-agi n internet nesbedd-it-id i wakken ad d-yefk isallen ghef yegduden n Tefriqt. Yugh lh’al, d lmuh’al ad d-nemmeslay ghef wakk igduden yettidiren deg umenz’aw-agi amer’kanti, d acu kan, nebgha ad d-nefk i medden, xas s tewzel, kra n yisallen ara ten-yeddjen ad issinen xir Tafriqt akk d yimezdaghen-is.

Imasayen, Kenya

Igduden n Tefriqt tt’uqten maci d kra, seg Yimazighen gher Yimas’riyen n wass-a, arraw n Yimas’riyen iqburen, gher Yinubiyen d Yityupiyen, gher Yiwulufen d Yizuluten. Ulac amkan ur neâmir’ ara di Tefriqt. Qrib yal tamurt tesâa timerwin (dizaines) n yegduden, merr’a sâan tutlayin-nsen, leâwayed d yidelsan-nsen d wat’as n tghawsiwin nnid’en ara yelmed fell-asen umad’al.

Timazighin n Wenz'ul n Merr'uk

Deg Ugafa n Tefriqt, imezdaghen ines’liyen d Imazighen, d nitni ay d amur ameqran deg yimezdaghen n Tmazgha, xas ma yella at’as deg-sen ass-a la ttmeslayen taâr’abt. Imazighen h’err’en-d akal d ameqran, yewwet seg wemda n Siwa, deg Utaram (lgherb) n Mas’er alamma alamma d Targa Zewwaghen d Murit’anya, ghef yiri n ugaraw At’lasi. Yugh lh’al, d Imazighen ay d agdud n Tefriqt awh’id ay d-ih’err’en anect-agi n wakal, imi amur ameqran deg yegduden ifriqiyen nnid’en, tikwal sâan kan akal d amect’uh’, tikwal bitt, cerken-t akk d yegduden nnid’en. Imazighen ttuneh’saben d agdud n yiri (race) amellal, xas ma yella nettaf gar-asen at’as n yimibriken d yiberkanen. At’as n Yimazighen ay d-mazal la ttmeslayen tamazight, yernu deg yiseggasen-agi ineggura, at’as n trebbaâ timazighin ay d-yennulfan i wakken ad wwtent u ad h’erzent tutlayt-nsent. Xas ma yella tantalyin (dialectes) ay ttmeslayen Yimazighen mxallafent si tama gher tayed’, maca kkant-d akk seg yiwen n uz’ar, seg yiwet n tutlayt, yernu yeshel ghef wat’as n trebbaâ timazighin ad msefhament wagar-asent s tutlayt-nsent, xas ma yella mxallafent tentalyin-nsent. Imazighen mazal tt’fen deg wat’as n wansayen (lâaddat), ladgha wid yettidiren di Merr’uk akk d Unez’ruf (ss’eh’ra), d acu kan, ass-a, at’as n wansayen imazighen ay yellan ghef yiri n nnger, la ten-ttaddjan medden yernu ur d asen-ttgen ara leqrar. Nnig waya, ula d tutlayt tamazight la tettughal gher deffir deg wat’as n tmiwa n Tmazgha, medden la tt-ttaddjan, ilmez’yen ur a ttlemmden ara, dgha yessefk ad yettwaxdem kra n leqdic s lh’ir i lmend n ussukkes n tutlayt di tmiwa-ya.

Agrud n Yifulaten, di Mali

Akal n Yimazighen, seg wakken meqqer alamma ay yewwed’ gher wul n Tefriqt. D Imuhagh negh Imucagh ay d tarbaât n Yimazighen ay yesâan akal meqqren akk, xas akken ur tt’uqqten ara. Akal-nsen d Anez’ruf (Idurar n Tasili, n Ayer di Niger, atg.), yernu imi ay zgan lehh’un, ttr’uh’un nitni d lmal-nsen seg wemkan gher wayed’, wwd’en gher wat’as n tmiwa di Tefriqt. Imuhagh xuld’en at’as n yegduden ifriqiyen ay ten-id-iqerben, nitni fkan-asen u wwin-d at’as seg-sen. Ass-a, nezmer ad naf Imuhagh di Niger d Mali, am wakken ay nezmer ad naf kra n trebbaâ-nsen di Tcad, Burkina Faso akk d Nigeria. Deg wenz’ul n Unez’ruf (Niger akk d Mali), at’as n yegduden ifriqiyen ay yettidiren gher tama n Yimuhagh, nezmer ad d-nebder seg-sen Ibambar’aten, Ifular’en akk d Yisar’akuliyen. Kra seg yegduden-agi kessen lmal am Yimuhagh, di lweqt i deg wiyad’ xeddmen tafellah’t. Yugh lh’al, akal n wenz’ul n Unez’ruf âeddan deg-s yisafen, d aya ay t-yerran d agilal, meh’sub yelha i tfellah’t. Nnig waya, isafen n tama-yagi ldin digh iberdan i wat’as n yegduden i wakken ad xeddmen tanezzawt (ttjar’a), ad znuzun u ad ttaghen d yegduden merr’a ay ten-id-iqerben. Idyulaten n Burkina Faso, Côte d’Ivoire akk d Senegal d yiwen seg yegduden n Tefriqt Tagherbit ay yettwassnen s tnezzawt.

Itubuten, Tcad

Di lgherb, igduden ay yettidiren ghef yiri n Ugaraw At’lasi lhan-d s wat’as d ss’yada n yiselman. Imurit’aniyen (las’el-nsen d Imazighen) d yegduden n yiri n lebh’er’ n Senegal ttwassnen s ss’yada. Di Tefriqt Tagherbit llant wat’as n tmura yesâan tiz’egwa timeqranin. D acu kan, tiz’egwa n Tefriqt âemr’ent. Zik, igduden ay izedghen tiz’egwa-yagi llan la ttidiren s ss’yada n yighersiwen d tukksa n wayen ay d-yettak wakal. Ass-a, at’as deg yegduden-agi ay yeddjan aya. Di tmiwa-yagi digh, igduden Ifriqiyen sbedden-d at’as n tgeldiyin (royaumes), yernu asmi ay bdan la d-ttawd’en Wuru’fiyen gher Tefriqt, di lqern wis 15, at’as si tgeldiyin-agi ay yellan la xeddment tanezzawt (ttjar’a) d Wur’ufiyen. Tageldit n Ghana (ay d-sbedden Wacantiyen) tella tettwassen s ddheb-yines, yernu at’as n tgeldiyin tifriqiyin n tama-yagi ay yellan la znuzuyent aklan (ay d-ttatt’afent si tmiwa nnid’en) i Wur’ufiyen i wakken ad ten-awin ad ten-sxedmen di Marikan. Yugh lh’al, amur ameqran deg yiberkanen yellan ass-a di Marikan las’el-nsen si Tefriqt Tagherbit.

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Taqcict si Ityupya

Di Tefriqt Tacerqit, llan wat’as n yegduden ay yettmeslayen tutlayin tisamiyin d tutlayin tikuciyin. Tutlayin tisamiyin d tawacult n tutlayin i deg nezmer ad naf taâr’abt d tutlayin yettemcabin ghur-s, am tâebrit (hébreu) negh tafiniqit n zik. D acu kan, menghir taâr’abt (ay ttmeslayen di tmura am Ssudan, Djibuti d Iritirya), tutlayin tisamiyin n Tefriqt nezmer ad d-nebder seg-sent tamhar’it d ttigrinyat (ttmeslayen-tent di Ityupya d Iritirya). Igduden n tmiwa-yagi, xas d iberkanen (negh d imibriken), maca d’ebâen, imi lejdud-nsen, di las’el, llan d imellalen ay ixeld’en d iberkanen. Igduden-agi daghen lhan-d d tfellah’t akk d tkessawt, yemxallaf wacu xeddmen ghef leh’sab n wakal i deg ttidiren. Wid yettmeslayen tutlayin tikuciyin ttidiren di tama tamett’arfut n Tefriqt tacerqit, tama-nni umi qqaren Iccew n Tefriqt, u ad naf gar-asen Is’umaliyen, ay d-yelhan ladgha s tkessawt n wakraren.

Young Masai Woman

Tilemz'it n Yimasayen, Kenya

Di Tefriqt Talemmast akk d ccerq n Tefriqt Tasebgast (équatoriale), llan yizagharen d imeqranen yernu d izegzawen. Imezdaghen n tmiwa-ya lhan-d d tkessawt n yezgaren. Agdud yettwassnen s tkessawt-agi d Imasayen n Kenya d Tanzanya. Imasayen ttwassnen s lqedd-nsen aâlayan d ucett’id’-nni azewwagh ay settwen, ittess’er-iten si tgecrar alamma d idmaren. At’as n Yimasayen ay d-mazal la ttidiren tudert-nni n zik, teddun d yezgaren-nsen deg yizagharen-nni anda ay d-mazal la ttidiren wat’as n yighersiwen iweh’ciyen. Maca Imasayen ughen tanumi d yighersiwen-agi, yernu ula d izmawen ttagaden-ten, ur ttqerriben ara gher lmal-nsen.

Akikuyu n Kenya

Kenya akk d Tanzanya sâant akal igerrzen i tfellah’t, yernu amur ameqran seg yegduden n tmiwa-yagi ttidiren seg wayen ay d-yettak wakal. Ikikuyuten d yiwen wegdud n Kenya, zik llan sâan at’as n wakal, h’err’en-t-id s yighil-nsen, yernu llan sâan ddewla tedjhed. Asmi ay d-wwd’en Yebrit’aniyen gher Kenya, di tgara n lqern wis 19, kksen-asen akal-nsen, ama i nitni, ama i yegduden nnid’en. Yugh lh’al, igduden-agi, arraw n wakal, gguman ad ssusmen u gan tt’rad meqqren i wakken ad ssuffghen imsehres (colonisateur) si tmurt-nsen. Igduden yettidiren ghef yiri n Ugaraw Ahendi (océan Indien), si tama-nsen, tcudd tudert-nsen gher lebh’er’ (am wid-nni Tefriqt Tagherbit), maca nnig waya, igduden-agi ttwassnen s ttjar’a-nsen taqdimt akk d Waâr’aben. Amur ameqran deg yimezdaghen n tefsirin (côtes) n Tefriqt Tacerqit d Inselmen, yernu ttmeslayen yiwet n tutlayt umi qqaren taswah’ilit, yis-s ay ttemsefhamen ula akk d yegduden ifriqiyen nnid’en. Yugh lh’al, taswah’ilit d tutlayt taghelnawt di Kenya akk d Tanzanya, yernu nezmer ad d-nini dakken tughal d tutlayt tagraghlant i yes ttemsefhamen wat’as n yegduden di Tefriqt Tacerqit d Tefriqt Tasebgast (équatoriale).

Ifghulen (ghef uzelmad') di Cameroun

Ul n Tefriqt Tasebgast (Afrique équatoriale) yella zik yettcur' d tiz'egwa. Timiwa-yagi ttwassnent s Yefghulen (pygmées). Wigi d imezdaghen ines'liyen n tmiwa-yagi. Xas ma yella zik, tamurt-nsen meqqret (tiz'egwa n Tefriqt Talemmast, Zaïre, Cameroun, atg.), ass-a, citt'ah' kan mad'i ay d-yeqqimen deg-sen, imi at'as n lumur' ay ten-icewwlen. Ifghulen d imect'ah', ur ttimghuren ara. Imeqranen deg-sen sâan azal n lmitra d wezgen di teghzi. Maci d add'an ay ud'nen, wanag akka kan ay tga ccetla-nsen. Zik, medden llan ttewh'acen-ten imi ay d imez'yanen yernu ttidiren kan di tz'egwa, anda ay tts'eggiden ayen tetten. Ass-a, idles-nsen atan la inegger yernu yessefk ad d-rren medden lwelha-nsen ghur-sen.

Madagascan people

Imalgaciyen, imezdaghen n Madagascar

Amur ameqran deg yegduden n tegzirt n Madagascar s’ubben-d seg Yindunisiyen. Xas ma yella Indunisya d tamurt ibeâden ghef Tefriqt, maca, di lqern wis 4 mbeâd n Sidna Âisa, wwd’en-d kra n yemdanen si Indunisya gher tegzirt-agi tameqrant, u tness’len dinna alamma ay d asmi ay ten-id-ufan Waâr’aben u ughalen la xeddmen yid-sen tanezzawt (ttjar’a). Imalgaciyen ay izedghen deg yidurar n tegzirt-agi mazal ttemcabin s wat’as di ss’ifa gher Yindunisiyen, yernu tutlayt tamalgacit si twacult n tutlayin tustr’uniziyin ay ttmeslayen di Asya, am tindunisit.

As'eggad n Yibucmanen, Tafriqt n Wenz'ul

Di Tefriqt tanz’ulant (australe), llan wat’as n yegduden, nezmer ad ten-nebd’u ghef snat n trebbaâ timeqranin. Llan yegduden iqdimen n tama-ya, ur tt’uqqten ara, kra deg-sen qrib ad negren, ttidiren di lgherb n Tefriqt n Wenz’ul (Afrique du Sud), Namibya d Botswana. Timiwa i deg ttidiren yegduden-agi d anez’ruf (ss’eh’ra), kkawent, qrib ur d-imeqqi deg-sent wacemma. Mazal kra seg yegduden-agi la ttidiren tudert n zik, tts’eggiden-d negh ttekksen-d ayen ara ttcen seg wayen ay d-yettak wakal. Igduden-agi qqaren-asen Ibucmanen. Isem-agi yekka-d si teglizit „Bushmen“, meh’sub „imdanen n lexla“, maca Ibucmanen bd’an ghef wach’al n yegduden d teqbilin, yal agdud yesâan tutlayt-is.

Axxam n Yexhosaten di Tefriqt n Wenz'ul

Llan digh yegduden yettmeslayen tutlayin tibantutin, gar-asen, nezmer ad d-nebder Izuluten. Asmi ay d-wwd’en Wur’ufiyen (européens) gher tmiwa-yagi, naqal tt’fen kan citt’ n wakal ghef yiri n lebh’er’. D acu kan, asmi ay bdan la keccmen gher daxel n tmurt, bdan la ttnaghen d Yefriqiyen u gan deg-sen lbat’el d ameqran. Asmi ay tewwi Tefriqt n Wenz’ul azarug-yines (indépendance), lh’ukuma tamellalt n tmurt-agi tesbedd-d leqwanin i yes tebgha ad tebd’u ger n Yiberkanen d Yimellalen. Igduden iberkanen qqlen ttwaâezlen gher tmiwa anda akal diri-t, yernu ttalasen kan ad d-kecmen gher tmiwa n yimellalen i wakken ad xedmen. Asmi ay s-d-bran i Nelson Mandela si lh’ebs di 1990, yernu yughal d aselway aberkan amezwaru n Tefriqt n Wenz’ul, ifuk lbat’el-nni ay iâezlen iberkanen. Maca imellalen n Tefriqt n Wenz’ul cewwlen mlih’ igduden iberkanen n tmurt-agi deg yiseggasen-nni n lbat’el yernu later’ n ccwal-agi mazal-it ar ass-a.

Tamett'ut n Yizuluten, Tafriqt n Wenz'ul

Ula d Imazighen d Ifriqiyen

Ass-a, mi ara d-nini Tafriqt, amur ameqran di medden fehhmen-tt d timura-nni ay d-yuzgan deg wenz’ul (sud) n Unez’ruf (Ss’eh’ra), tid-nni anda ay ttidiren yiberkanen, am Niger, Mali akk d Nigeria. Imezdaghen n Tefriqt n Ugafa negh Tamazgha r’uh’en amzun ttseth’in ad d-inin dakken ula d nitni d Ifriqiyen, acku nitni d imellalen. D acu kan, llant kra n tghawsiwin s wazal-nsen, yessefk ad asent-nger tamawt deg wed’ris-agi.

Taqcict tamaheght

Tamenzut, Tafriqt d amenz’aw (continent) anda ay mlalen yimellalen d yiberkanen, ulac akk tilisa gar-asen. Akken ay s-yeqqar yiwen n Ur’umi : “Di Tefriqt ulac iberkanen”, meh’sub din, medden akk d imdanen, ulac aberkan d umellal. Nezmer ad naf iberkanen di Ldzayer, deg Wenz’ul n Tunes d Libya d Merr’uk. Nnig waya, llan at’as seg yiberkanen-agi d Imazighen, mazal ar ass-a ssawalen tamazight. Anect-a yesskan-d dakken si zik, yella jjwadj ger n Yimazighen d yegduden iberkanen ay d-ufan di tmiwa n Unez’ruf Ameqran (Ss’ehra), asmi ay bdan lejdud-nnegh la d-ttawd’en gher Tefriqt. Niger akk d Mali, xas ma yella ssnen-tent medden dakken d “timura n yiberkanen“, maca yessefk ad z’ren dakken llan deg-sent ula d imellalen (Imazighen Imur’iyen,

Aâr’aben, atg.).

Anaffar (masque) n ccd'eh' n Yidugunen n Mali, qqaren-as Kanaga

Tis snat, deg Wegles (zzman aqdim), d tamurt n Yimazighen umi llan qqaren yegduden iqdimen “Tafriqt”, yernu d Imazighen umi semman “Ifriqiyen”. Yagi, isem n Tefriqt s timmad-is yekka-d si tmazight. Anect-a ad t-tafem deg usebter ay d-yettmeslayen ghef yisem n Tefriqt.

Masensen, agellid amazigh ameqran,

d netta ay s-yennan "Tafriqt d ayla n Yefriqiyen"

Tis tlata, u ta d tanqid’t yesâan azal meqqren, Tamazgha d ah’ric si Tefriqt. Timura n Ldzayer, Merr’uk, Libya, Tunes d Murit’anya merr’a d timura n Tefriqt, am wakken Fr’ansa d Lalman d Brit’anya Tameqrant d timura n Tur’uft. A win yufan, Ifriqiyen merr’a, ama d wid n Ugafa negh d wid n tmura n wenz’ul, yessefk ad h’esben iman-nsen ttidiren deg yiwen n umenz’aw, deg yiwen n wakal, yernu, lemmer di yelli wamek, ad myussanen u ad mâiwnen xir n wakken llan tura, akken myussanen u ttemâawanen Wur’ufiyen wagar-asen. Anect-a yezmer ad as-ibeddel udem i Tefriqt u ad tt-iâiwen mlih’ i wakken ad d-teffegh seg wuguren i deg tettidir.

Tageldit n Masensen

Nessaram dakken adeg-agi ad ken-yeâdjeb u ad awen-d-yesnerni tamussni-nwen ghef Tefriqt d yegduden-is. Afud igerrzen.